Sodium

What is Sodium?

Sodium as a blood biomarker significantly influences several bodily functions. When maintained within its physiological range, sodium ensures proper nerve and muscle function, aids in maintaining fluid balance across cell membranes, and plays a vital role in the functioning of the heart and brain. It is also essential for the absorption and transport of certain nutrients and maintains the osmotic balance critical for cell health.

Hyponatremia, or low blood sodium, can result from various conditions like kidney disease, heart failure, or excessive fluid intake. This condition can lead to neurological symptoms such as headache, confusion, and fatigue, progressing to more severe complications like seizures, coma, and potentially life-threatening brain swelling. Hyponatremia affects cellular function and fluid balance, disrupting normal physiological processes.

Hypernatremia, or high blood sodium, often results from dehydration or excessive salt intake and can impair kidney function. This condition manifests as intense thirst, confusion, muscle weakness, and in severe cases, can cause neurological damage and is associated with a higher risk of mortality. Hypernatremia disrupts cellular homeostasis, leading to complications in various organ systems.

To maintain healthy blood sodium levels:

• Stay hydrated by drinking adequate water throughout the day

• Follow a balanced diet and be mindful of sodium intake, especially from processed and packaged foods

• Be cautious with salt substitutes and supplements containing sodium

• Manage underlying health conditions that may affect sodium levels, such as kidney disease or heart failure