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Selenium is a trace mineral that plays a critical role in the body, primarily as a component of antioxidant enzymes. These enzymes protect cells from damage by free radicals, which are harmful compounds that can contribute to chronic diseases. Selenium is also essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and thyroid gland, influencing metabolism and overall health. Additionally, it supports reproductive health, DNA synthesis, and helps prevent cell damage.
Selenium deficiency can lead to several health issues. One of the most notable is Keshan disease, a potentially fatal form of heart disease linked to low selenium levels. Selenium deficiency can also contribute to Kashin-Beck disease, a type of osteoarthropathy. Other potential effects of low selenium include weakened immune response, making the body more susceptible to illness, and hypothyroidism, as selenium is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
Selenium toxicity, known as selenosis, can occur from excessive intake, often due to over-supplementation. Symptoms of selenium toxicity include hair and nail loss or brittleness, skin rashes, nausea, fatigue, irritability, and nervous system abnormalities. In severe cases, it can lead to problems with the nervous system, heart, and liver.
Selenium and iodine work closely in thyroid function. Selenium is a component of enzymes that help convert thyroid hormones into their active form. While selenium doesn't directly interfere with iodine absorption, a deficiency in selenium can exacerbate the effects of iodine deficiency on thyroid health, and vice versa.
To maintain healthy blood selenium levels:
Ensure an adequate intake of selenium through a balanced diet that includes foods such as Brazil nuts, seafood, poultry, eggs, and whole grains.
If you have a thyroid condition, work closely with your healthcare provider to monitor your selenium levels and ensure they are in balance with your iodine levels for optimal thyroid function.
Selenium can be measured in: mg/100mL, mg/dL, mg/L, mg%, nmol/L, µg/L, µg/mL, µmol/L
Reference ranges represent typical values for healthy individuals. Your healthcare provider must interpret your specific results.
| Age Range | Gender | Unit | Optimal | Normal | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All ages | All genders | µg/L | - | 150 - 160 | Brustbauer, 2014 |
Plays a role in antioxidant defense, regulation of thyroid hormones and brain health. Low, and possibly high, levels can negatively impact mood and cognition. Optimal levels of Selenium have been associated with reduced risk of depressive symptoms.[Conner, 2015]
Explore 3 additional health topics related to this biomarker in the Health3 app.
Vitamin A is one of the factors shown to increase absorption of selenium[Groff, 1995].
Vitamin C is one of the factors enhancing absorption of selenium[Groff, 1995].
Explore 5 additional biomarker interactions related to this biomarker in the Health3 app.
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